Self-defense is a basic human right, and having the ability to defend yourself and your loved ones is incredibly important. A stun gun can provide an effective non-lethal self-defense option and is often an appropriate choice for people who don’t want to carry a gun or other lethal weapons. A stun gun can be used to immobilize and incapacitate an attacker, allowing the intended target time to escape and seek help. Stun guns are lightweight and easy to carry, making them ideal for those who want to be able to defend themselves without having to carry a larger, heavier weapon. Stun guns also typically have safety features in place to prevent them from being used as a deadly weapon, providing further peace of mind for the user.
Although there are restrictions on stun guns and tasers in some US states, they are legal in most places. But you may have to obtain a permit in select cities or states.
In society today and with the advance technology success that we have had over the years, using a stun gun could not be any safer. But before you buy one, read our guide below and use our research to help find the right one for you.
In 2017 there were over 1.4 million burglaries1 reported to the police in the United States.
Half of those burglaries happened when the owners were at home.
Crime is one of those issues that we could face every day, either at home or when we go outdoors.
So, what would it take for you to feel protected when you’re alone at home, taking a stroll around the neighborhood or maybe even in a dark alley?
Many people in the world have a bat stashed someone in their home. Others feel they need an extra measure of protection.
If you are in that second group, a stun gun is right for you. They allow you to feel protected and can stop your attacker or thief right in their tracks.
Here’s a list of the top 4 stun guns that are available and affordable. We update this list every month.
You deserve to feel safe everywhere you go. So protect yourself. Check out these stun guns.
Top 4 Stun Guns on The Market
[table id=16 responsive=collapse responsive_breakpoint=phone /]The 4 Top Stun Guns For 2022
1. MEGA STUN SA-150
- Compact and light weight. 5.25 inches in length. Weighs under 1 lb.
- Operates on one, replaceable, 9 volt battery. We say NO to cheap, unreliable rechargeable batteries and we don't want to be dependent on the grid. PLEASE NOTE: NOT RECHARGEABLE.
- Comes with wrist strap and pouch for easy access and transport.
- Shocking wide-gap electrodes at the tip to create a more effective shock.
- One button operation, which is a single spring loaded activation switch for simple use and maximum reaction time, under duress. This means that there is NO additional ON/OFF or SAFETY switch. When the...
First on our list is the MEGA STUN SA-150 by 0-Mega Stun Guns. This stun gun is light-weight and easy to handle, standing at just 5 inches tall and 2 inches wide. It comes in its own carry case (available in either black or pink).
O-Mega makes a point of avoiding cheap rechargeable batteries which are prone to failure and have a short lifespan, opting instead to run this product off of a single 9v battery, meaning you can take this anywhere and easily replace the battery.
With 150,000 Volts of power (150 KV or kilovolts) the SA-150 is equipped to tackle any attacker and inflict the maximum allowable voltage by-law. Because, if you’re gonna shock them, shock them good.
This is a very popular stun gun, rated one of the highest on the market and used by professionals all over the world in the security industry, the military and law enforcement.
The design of this device makes it easy to deploy and safe to use thanks to its single rocker switch, which is spring loaded and will always default to the ‘off’ position. Meaning you are less likely to stun someone (or yourself) by mistake.
Overall, you really can’t go wrong with this stun gun. The price is higher than most, but for good reason.
2. VIPERTEK VTS-989
Next on our list is the VIPERTEK VTS-989 Heavy Duty Stun Gun. It is lightweight and has dimensions of 6.5 x 2 x 1 inch.
This powerful stun gun comes with an amazing LED flashlight to help with poor lighting conditions. It is such a powerful device that just using it in the air can stop and even frighten attackers. It sounds frightening!
It has the ability to deliver over 53 million volts which is more than enough to immobilize a thief or target. Please do not be fooled by its small stature, it is probably by far the most powerful stun gun on the market today.
The VIPERTEK VTS-989 has an internal rechargeable battery so there is no reason that you should be out of juice. Just charge him up before heading out. No batteries to buy or lose.
A new feature, which I believe to be one of the smartest things I have seen on a stun gun, is the snatch prevention feature. If an attacker or anyone for that matter tries to snatch the device from you, the stun gun will also give off a high voltage shock. Pretty cool huh?
The VIPERTEK VTS-989 is one of the most powerful stun guns out there. Check it out!
3. POLICE MAGNUM Stun Gun
A cheaper option to the SA-150 above is the POLICE MAGNUM Stun Gun, which is about half the price. What’s cool about this stun gun is that it looks and functions as a flashlight.
This product claims to have 68 million volts of ‘knockdown power’, which seems like a bold claim, however it is reported to pack a punch and measuring at 7.5 X 3 X 2.5 inches and weighing in at just 9 ounces, this is something you can keep in your purse or pocket for peace of mind.
This pink stun gun is meant for the female population, but there is also the option of having this in black if you’d prefer.
It comes with a carry case with a belt loop for easy carry and has a built-in flashlight which is useful when traveling through dark places.
The Police Magnum is rechargeable via its internal 9v battery and also comes with a safety switch, to prevent accidental discharge.
You also have the option of bundling it with pepper spray. Check out the additional options.
4. Terminator SGCPMC Smart Cell Phone Stun Gun
- The Terminator Cell Phone Stun Gun is Backed by a Lifetime No-Hassle Free Replacement Warranty
- Long-Lasting Rechargeable Battery. Just recharge its internal rechargeable battery once in 5 months. Battery Charge Indicator lets you know when your stun gun battery is charged 100%
- Slick Design Stun Gun with Blinding LED Flashlight. The flashlight function is not limited to giving sufficient light if you are in a dark place but you can temporarily blind your attacker
- One of the Most Powerful Stun Guns. When you need it the Terminator is ready to deliver a stunning blow to any attacker. A jolt from this stun gun will almost certainly bring your attacker down
- The most realistic cell phone stun gun on the market today Although it is not a real cell phone, you will be making the right call when you carry it to protect yourself
This is one of my favorites. The versatility and power that this device is remarkable. And it looks just like a cell phone! If you like to go covert, this is the stun gun for you.
Even though it’s a little bit thicker than a regular smart phone, you can easily put it in your pocket.
This stun gun/incognito phone is about the size of an iPhone 4. Teenage daughter starting to go out by herself? This is the perfect gift.
The Complete Stun Gun Buyers Guide
What To Look For When Buying
Make sure it comes with the features that you want and it has everything you need to make you feel safe. Most importantly, make sure it is a brand that you can trust.
Some brands will say anything just to make a sell, and some do not even make stun guns’ full time. It is just one product that does not fit in with the business, they are just trying to make a couple of bucks as a side sell.
What Is A Stun Gun?
A stun gun is an electrical self-defense device that uses a high voltage charge to stop someone at the moment. It is designed to key into the nervous system and dumps energy into your muscles at an extremely high pulse frequency.
You use it by touching someone with the tip (prongs) of the stun gun which in turn quickly immobilizes them. Although the criminal will be confused and/or disoriented, it will not have any harm come to him in regards to his organs.
There aren’t any permanent or serious injuries since the amperage is low.
Stun Gun Safety
Statistics show that stun guns (and other high voltage devices) have saved more than 170,000 lives from death or serious personal injuries.
Protection is something that everyone wants nowadays. But with any kind of protection, you should practice safety first. Whether it is a bat, a stun gun, or a firearm, you can not swing it around and use it as a toy.
Most stun guns come with some sort of safety feature. It may be a switch that allows you to turn it on or off, a pin that you can remove to disable the stun feature or a cap that you can place over the device in case of accidental discharge.
Those are features that you should consider when choosing which stun gun is best for you. Please do not just rush into buying a stun gun out of fear or impatience. Choose one that can suit the need and requirements that you have for the situations you need it for.
Who Are The Top Brands When It Comes To Stun Guns?
Guard Dog
First on our list of trustworthy stun gun brands is Guard Dog. Guard Dog Security was founded in 2001. They have become the nation’s most recognized tactical self-defense brand and is still rising to the top to this day.
They have many great products that stretch from pepper sprays to bulletproof items. Guard Dog stun guns were featured on many different stations from 13 news to Orlando Sentinel. Their most popular item is the Hard Case Pepper Spray.
That unit is ½ ounce with 18% OC. They are known for their very hot pepper spray and their reputation perceives them. I am sure that if anyone gets sprayed with it, they would not want to share their experience. They are a pretty big name when it comes to security so
They are a pretty big name when it comes to security so of course, that’s why they are in the list of the top stun gun brands.
Website: Guard Dog Security
Vipertek
With all the publicity they have been getting and the great reviews we have been seeing, of course, we had to have Vipertek on this list. If you want to talk about powerhouses, Vipertek stun guns are some of the best and most powerful that we have seen.
Unfortunately, we could not find the date that they were formed but that does not dilute their success that they have made in this business. They have made tremendous accomplishments when it comes to stun guns, batons, and pepper sprays.
Their most popular, and top rated product so far is the Vipertek VTS-880. It is a pink, 25-million-volt mini stun gun. It is also rechargeable and has an LED flashlight for areas with poor lighting conditions.
The price for this unit is $13.98 which is a steal when you think about it. Vipertek is a brand that does not need praising because its products can do themselves justice. That’s why they belong on this list as a brand that we respect and trust.
Police
Next on our list of top stun gun brands is Police. Police (PoliceMart) is a highly respected developer and retailer of stun guns and other products such as pepper spray, batons, handcuffs, and even fake cameras.
We could not find a date that they were formed but given the good reviews, I would think they have been around for quite some time now. Police specialize in selling self-defense products for people who are looking for protection.
Their brand features some of the most advanced technology in self-defense and stun gun products. One of their top products is the Police 230 Million Metal tactical flashlight stun gun. It is a stun gun that can deliver 230,000,000 volts and it is rechargeable so no messing with pesky batteries.
It is actually in the shape of a flashlight and comes with a LED flashlight built in for dark areas that you may be visiting. Police is a great brand for many different types of self-defense products and can be held to a standard with its lifetime warranty to back it up with.
Website: Police (PoliceMart)
Sabre
One of my favorite brands, besides Vipertek, is Sabre. Sabre was founded by Larry Nance in 1975 with just a $228 investment. The first things produced from Sabre was not a stun gun but it was actually tear gas defense sprays.
In 1985 they began testing red pepper spray and in 1990 they began producing halon fire extinguishers. It wasn’t until the year 2000 that they were introduced to stun guns and began producing them. Sabre has a wide range of products when it comes to security.
They have pepper spray, personal alarms, even pepper gel. The stun gun has been a great addition to the Sabre team and it hasn’t stopped rising to the top with new improvements each and every year. Their top selling product is the Red Pepper Spray – Police Strength.
Apparently, this tactical self-defense product has a locking top and can spray up to 10-foot of pepper every press of the top. Something that Sabre wants each and every one of its consumer to know is safety and how to use their products. They offer free training packages and videos with each purchase.
That is not something you can get from many brands out there. And that is why Sabre is a trusted contender on this list.
Website: Sabre
ZAP
Another stun gun brand on the list is Zap. Although Zap has not been around very long they are starting to make a name for themselves now. They have stun guns that are unique in that all models have a rubber coated grip.
Zap’s top product is the ZAP Black Knuckles Stun Gun. It is an authentic brass knuckle design that can deliver 950 thousand volts with a swift and powerful punch. It is 5 inches long and weighs about 5 ounces. It does come with a safety switch and
It is 5 inches long and weighs about 5 ounces. It does come with a safety switch and a LED indicator to show when the device is powered on or off.
Even though zap is new to the stun gun scene they are still making strides to propel them into the correct direction. That’s why they made the list of top stun gun brands.
Website: Zap Product
Streetwise
Streetwise security has been around for more than 15 years and they have been producing some of the best and high-quality self-defense items that we know and use.
They feature a unique built-in emergency alarm in addition to a disable pin for extra added protection. They have stun guns that range from 15 thousand volts to 8.8 million. They may not have the strongest device power but they can still pack a punch.
They may not have the strongest device power but they can still pack a punch. Streetwise’ top product is the S. M. A. C. K. Keychain Stun Gun 6 Million Volts.
This mini stun gun’s voltage is almost the max that this company has and it is super compact. It is rechargeable and the cable is actually inside of the stun gun for a more compact feel. You can also attach it to your keys.
Streetwise has been around for quite some time now and their customers do not seem to be complaining. That is why they are a force to be reckoned with and that’s why they are on this list.
Website: Streetwise Products
Stun Master
Last, but certainly not least, is Stun Master. Stun Master is a brand that does not just make a product, they form relationships with their customers.
They were founded 10 years ago and they are still going strong. This brand is has evolved its safety tech but has not changed the formula for making great and reliable products. One amp of electricity can kill someone.
Stun Master’s stun guns only have between 3 to 6 milliamps so that it will not do any permanent damage to an attacker. Stun Masters top product is the Stun Master Multi-Function Stun Gun. This stun gun has the dimensions 4.75 x 2.5 x 1 inch and has 9.5 million volts.
It is a rechargeable stun gun that has a super bright LED flashlight an additional red flashing emergency light and a disabling pin wrist strap. Now I can see why stun master is on the list. They have thought of everything.
Stun Master seems like a great brand for stun guns and they are also backed up by a warranty so, go ahead and give them a try.
Safety Always Come First
One thing that we all should practice when handling any type of self-defense equipment is safety. Protection is something that everyone wants nowadays. But with any kind of protection, you should practice safety first.
Whether it is a bat, a flashlight, or a firearm, you cannot swing it around and use it as a toy. Most stun guns come with some sort of safety feature. It may be a switch that allows you to turn it on or off, a pin that you can remove to disable the stun feature or a cap that you can place over the device in case of accidental discharge. Those are
Those are the features that you should consider when choosing which stun gun is best for you. Please do not just rush into buying a stun gun out of fear or impatience. Choose one that can suit the need and requirements that you have for the situations you need it for.
We will now move on to look flashlights that also double as stun guns for added protection.
The Best Stun Gun Flashlight
A stun gun delivers a small electric shock to temporarily incapacitate an attacker upon contact, leaving you free to make your escape. It’s a well-used for personal safety that’s legal in many parts of the US.
Stun gun regulations, however, dictate in which states you can legally carry a stun gun and also the maximum voltage allowed. Check with your state laws before purchasing the best stun gun flashlight.
Top 4 Stun Gun Flashlight Comparison Table
- PROFESSIONAL SELF DEFENSE EQUIPMENT: Powerful Stun Gun With LED Flashlight
- Aircraft Grade Aluminum Alloy Construction
- USB RECHARGEABLE BATTERY: USB Charging Cable included. Simply plug into any USB port or your existing USB Charger to save money on batteries.
- Convenient Size: 7.5"
- LIFETIME WARRANTY: All VIPERTEK stun guns are backed by a lifetime warranty.
- Heavy Duty Stun Gun with 350 Lumen Tactical Flashlight
- Type III aircraft grade aluminum alloy body with anti-roll design; 100,000-hour bulb
- Internal Rechargeable Battery - No expensive batteries to buy. Convenient Size: 6.75"
- Lifetime Warranty
- PERSONAL PROTECTION YOU CAN TRUST: SABRE is the #1 pepper spray brand trusted by police & consumers & a leader in the personal safety category; The strength of SABRE stun guns are independently tested...
- EXTREME STOPPING POWER: Stun gun delivers a painful 2.517 µC (Microcoulombs) charge to maximize your self-protection when faced with an attacker; Safety switch prevents accidental discharge
- LIGHT YOUR WAY TO SAFETY: The bright 130 Lumen LED flashlight helps to quickly locate door locks in the dark or find essentials in a purse or bag
- CONVENIENT AND EASY TO CARRY: Built-in rechargeable battery allows multiple uses and power when you need it. The stun gun includes a holster to discreetly and easily store in a purse or loop on a belt...
- STAY SAFE WITH FREE SAFETY TRAINING: Feel secure with every SABRE product; Packaging includes links to free training videos so that, in the face of danger, you are better prepared to use your SABRE...
One way to give your stun gun an edge is by using it in tandem with a flashlight. Take an intense beam flashlight with a powerful strobe effect and combine that with a stun gun, and the combination gives you way more uses and ways to temporarily disable your assailants, with a combination of blinding, disorientation, and electroshock jabs.
A few flashlights also come with sharp serrated bezels that could inflict much more damaging to an attacker when used to jab whilst giving a small electric shock. The retail market wised up to this combination and started supplying stun gun flashlights that are both useable and effective stun guns (also known in parts of the world as “tasers” or “tazers”).
What To Look For In A Stun Gun/Flashlight Combo
These are standard issue tactical lights that deliver 5mA currents at a large voltage with the push of a button. Here are a few pointers to look out for when choosing the best stun gun flashlight from the options available on the market.
- Look for a tactical stun gun flashlight as opposed to the normal stun guns with built-in LEDs.
- Compact design that’s easy to carry around with you on the go.
- Well concealed prongs design that won’t come into play accidentally and cause self-harm.
- Long-lasting, easily rechargeable or replaceable batteries.
- Impressive loud shock sounds and huge sparks on engaging the discharge button. These should be sufficient to give anybody headed in your direction a pause and reconsider their steps.
Those are some of the working principles that make for a reliable stun gun flashlight combo. Let’s have a look at some actual models now that demonstrate these abilities and more.
1. Vipertek VTS-195 Heavy Duty Stun Gun & LED Flashlight
- PROFESSIONAL SELF DEFENSE EQUIPMENT: Powerful Stun Gun With LED Flashlight
- Aircraft Grade Aluminum Alloy Construction
- USB RECHARGEABLE BATTERY: USB Charging Cable included. Simply plug into any USB port or your existing USB Charger to save money on batteries.
- Convenient Size: 7.5"
- LIFETIME WARRANTY: All VIPERTEK stun guns are backed by a lifetime warranty.
This stun gun flashlight packs a punch with a decent amperage and high shock value. It delivers an intense shock on contact that can cause immediate muscle spasms and prolonged contact can disable your attackers completely.
The metal prongs are creatively placed on the crowned bezel so as not to cause accidental self-harm. The charging is troublesome as there’s no power indicator. The instructions warn you to not overcharge. A bit tricky if you have no indication of how well charged or powerless the batteries are.
Works well over clothing, including jeans and jackets. Could leave a mark on direct skin contact. The safety switch is a big plus. Could have been designed to make a better popping noise on engaging the prongs.
Comes with a belt holster, making it easy to carry. The biggest drawback of this product is the not being able to engage both the light and the stun gun simultaneously, which kind of beats the purpose.
Probably, a technical flaw that can be corrected with the next iteration. Something else we’ve observed is it works in all weather conditions, including freezing temperatures.
2. Guard Dog Security Diablo 160 Lumen Tactical Flashlight with Stun Gun
- MAXIMUM VOLTAGE: This tactical stun gun offers a battering max-voltage stun paired with a massive zapping sound to immobilize and deter unsuspecting assailants.
- BRIGHT, TACTICAL LIGHT: Ultra bright 160 lumen bulb lasts more than 100,000 hours and will illuminate the darkest corners, alleys and parking garages, all in a Type III, aircraft grade aluminum body.
- SAFE, DURABLE & RECHARGEABLE: A handy safety switch prevents accidental discharge while the rechargeable battery saves you money.
- 100% SATISFACTION: If you’re not happy with your Diablo Stun Gun Flashlight, just swap it out for another, no questions asked!
A 4.5 million volt stun gun with a 160-lumen tactical flashlight. Unique patented technology with probes embedded in the outer layer of the flashlight. Brightness enhancing optimum reflector system. Type III aluminum body. Bulb life of 100, 000 hours.
Single switch operation with built-in security lock feature. Comes with rechargeable batteries and a nylon carry case. Also provides a lifetime warranty.
The only flashlight stun gun with no visible probes. Has 3 light modes including strobe. As with other stun gun flashlights, engaging the probes will switch off the light. The logic here is you do not need an intense light when in close contact.
The body is metal but the rear cap is plastic, which needs to be handled with care. A completely metallic body would be the ideal set up. The power cord provided is very short. Internal parts seem to have been soldered together loosely.
Poor instruction manual makes it a little difficult to figure out basic functions and charging duration limits. The price is a little steep but you are paying for the embedded electrode technology this one boasts of.
That was us reviewing a cross-section of stun gun flashlights with different price ranges for similar features.
The best self-defense flashlight for you would be one that is tailored to your needs and hopefully combined with another reliable self-defense device or some impressive karate chops.
3. SABRE Tactical Stun Gun Flash Light
- PERSONAL PROTECTION YOU CAN TRUST: SABRE is the #1 pepper spray brand trusted by police & consumers & a leader in the personal safety category; The strength of SABRE stun guns are independently tested...
- EXTREME STOPPING POWER: Stun gun delivers a painful 1.139 µc (microcoulombs) charge to maximize your self-protection when faced with an attacker; Safety switch prevents accidental discharge
- LIGHT YOUR WAY TO SAFETY: The bright 80 lumen flashlight helps to quickly locate door locks in the dark or find essentials in a purse or bag
- CONVENIENT AND EASY TO CARRY: Built-in rechargeable battery allows multiple uses and power when you need it. The stun gun includes a holster to discreetly and easily store in a purse or loop on a belt...
- STAY SAFE WITH FREE SAFETY TRAINING: Feel secure with every SABRE product; Packaging includes links to free training videos so that, in the face of danger, you are better prepared to use your SABRE...
Coupled with the strobe setting, it’s sufficient to disorient your opponents. Comes with a 2-year warranty, and rechargeable batteries. At 7” and 8 ounces, it’s compact and easily fits in your pocket. As a bonus, a wrist strap, pocket clip, and holster are also included.
The most impressive feature of this stun gun is the frightening cracking sound it makes when the probes are engaged. At 2.5 mAmps current and $20 apiece, this product is worth the money.
4. Vipertek VTS-979 V Mini RechargeableStun Gun/Flashlight
- PROFESSIONAL DEFENSE EQUIPMENT: Extremely Powerful Stun Gun With LED Flashlight and Safety Disable Pin. Deliver Painful Stopping Power and backed by a Lifetime Warranty
- SAFETY DISABLE PIN: Prevents an attacker from taking the stun gun away and using it against you. A lanyard worn around your wrist attaches to a disable pin on the bottom of the unit. If the stun gun...
- NON-SLIP RUBBER COATING for a firm and comfortable grip
- USB RECHARGEABLE BATTERY: USB Charging Cable included. Simply plug into any USB port or your existing USB Charger to save money on batteries
- LIFETIME WARRANTY: All VIPERTEK stun guns are backed by a lifetime warranty
The Vipertek VTS – 989B is one of the best-selling stun gun flashlights It’s unique design features shock plates on the sides, apart from the solid metal prongs on the front. If an assailant tries to snatch this stun gun from you, the side plates will easily disengage their paws!
Rechargeable batteries, rubber coating for insulation, safety switch, wrist strap, and unique design are other features you can look forward to when you buy this stun gun.
Delivers enough power on contact to make the muscles spasm. Incredibly loud popping noise that would scare potential attackers. Lightweight and compact can be carried around in the pouch provided. Gift yourself one with $30, and rest easy.
Please remember that stun guns aren’t equivalent to tasers and won’t hold up if you are at the mercy of more than one assailant.
Conclusion
With many different devices, out in society today, it is kind of hard to determine which is right for you. Do you want to go old school and carry around a bat or brass knuckles?
Do you want to go to the extreme and purchase a firearm? If you are thinking that the bat just will not do the trick and that the firearm is a little bit over the top, then a stun gun is the direction that you should steer toward.
More than 850,000 stun gun and taser weapons have been sold around the world since 1994 to more than 18,000 law enforcement facilities. A policeman uses stun guns to protect themselves from criminals and danger and so can you.
This list can help you narrow down which stun gun could be right for you. Which one has the features that you are looking for? Which comes with the voltage that you believe you need.
Check out these stun guns more in-depth using the links provided. Please, be safe and protect yourself. It is your right.
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References:
1 https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/topic-pages/burglary
4 comments
Did you personally test these stun guns? I notice you mention all the “good reviews” for one of the products. I have purchased two stun guns, one from Guard Dog, the other from Viper and both arrived inoperable/defective after following instructions and attempting to charge. What has me curious is both VIPERTEK VTS-989 and the Guard Dog Diablo had similar charging systems which leads me to believe they are manufactured by the same company in China. I am still looking for a functional/reliable stun gun.
We’ve tested a fair few, sounds like you were unlucky with yours but you are right, it’s getting harder to discern the good from the cheap imports from China I’m afraid. Too many people have jumped on the bandwagon and are selling imported goods that simply don’t work as they should.
In your description of 4.SABRE Tactical Stun Gun Flash Light, it mentions 2.5 amps of current – which would be absolutely fatal. I believe it is probably just a typo, and is intended to read 2.5 mAmps or 0.025 amps. Should probably get that corrected. Thanks for putting together all the information though.
Great spot Becky thanks for the heads up – the typo has been corrected.
Comments are closed.